Telesna dejavnost, mišica in klinična prehrana Physical activity, muscle, and clinical nutrition

Abstract

Telesna dejavnost in prehrana sta neločljivo povezani pri vzdrževanju mišičnega in splošnega zdravja, presnovne odpornosti ter preprečevanju s staranjem pogojene izgube mišičnine. Vadba predstavlja močan fiziološki stresni dejavnik, ki akutno sproži presnovne, endokrine in imunske odzive, kar predstavlja velik izziv za homeostazo. Za lažje obvladovanje tega stresa se ob redni vadbi v telesu pojavijo številne presnovne prilagoditve, ki ga poskušajo zmanjšati. Presnovne spremembe, ki ji sproži telesna vadba, vključujejo povečano energijsko potrebo, prilagoditev uporabe presnovnih goriv in hormonska nihanja. Redna telesna vadba vodi do strukturnih in funkcionalnih prilagoditev na mišični, srčno-žilni in celotni telesni ravni. Pravilne prehranske strategije, usklajene z vrsto, intenzivnostjo in trajanjem dejavnosti, zagotavljajo potrebne substrate za delo, optimizirajo regeneracijo, spodbujajo sintezo mišičnih beljakovin in krepijo imunski odziv. To ne izboljšuje le športne zmogljivosti, temveč tudi pomembno prispeva k zdravstvenim učinkom vadbe, med katerimi so preprečevanje in obvladovanje številnih kroničnih bolezni, vključno z nekaterimi oblikami raka. Ker so te zdravstvene koristi bistvene tudi pri zdravljenju raka, pridobiva poznavanje načel in uporabe klinične športne prehrane velik pomen v onkologiji. Integracija znanj s področja vadbene fiziologije, presnovne podpore in prehranske terapije omogoča učinkovitejše ohranjanje mišične mase, zmanjševanje presnovnih zapletov ter izboljšanje odziva na zdravljenje. Uveljavljanje pristopa klinične športne prehrane v onkološki praksi tako predstavlja pomemben korak k celostnemu zdravljenju bolnika, ki temelji na znanstvenih dokazih in interdisciplinarnem sodelovanju.

Abstract (Eng)

Physical activity and nutrition are inextricably linked in maintaining muscle and overall health, metabolic resilience, and preventing age-related muscle loss. Exercise is a powerful physiological stressor that acutely triggers metabolic, endocrine, and immune responses, posing a major challenge to homeostasis. To better manage this stress, regular exercise induces numerous metabolic adaptations in the body that attempt to reduce it. Metabolic changes triggered by physical exercise include increased energy requirements, adaptation of metabolic fuel use, and hormonal fluctuations. Regular physical exercise leads to structural and functional adaptations at the muscular, cardiovascular, and whole-body levels. Proper nutritional strategies, tailored to the type, intensity, and duration of activity, provide the necessary substrates for work, optimize recovery, promote muscle protein synthesis, and strengthen the immune response. This not only improves athletic performance, but also contributes significantly to the health benefits of exercise, including the prevention and management of many chronic diseases, including some forms of cancer. Since these health benefits are also essential in cancer treatment, knowledge of the principles and application of clinical sports nutrition is becoming increasingly important in oncology. The integration of knowledge in the fields of exercise physiology, metabolic support, and nutritional therapy enables more effective preservation of muscle mass, reduction of metabolic complications, and improvement of response to treatment. The implementation of a clinical sports nutrition approach in oncology practice thus represents an important step towards comprehensive patient care based on scientific evidence and interdisciplinary collaboration.